Exploratory multigroup structural equation modeling approach to analyzing H. pylori infection, serological pepsinogen levels, and life style factors in an elderly population in Costa Rica / Enfoque exploratorio del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales multigrupo para el análisis de la infección con H. pylori, niveles de pepsinógenos séricos y factores asociados a estilo de vida en una población de adultos mayores en Costa Rica

Abstract The aim of this work is to describe and analyze the association of PGI/PGII ratio (indicator of gastric atrophy) with H. pylori-CagA and life style factors such as caloric intake, obesity, and harmful habits amongst H. pylori-positive elderly people infected in Costa Rica using an exploratory multigroup structural equations model (SEM). Using a sample of 1748 H. pylori-positive elderly people from CRELES first wave study, a SEM was employed analyze if the relationships between PGI/PGII ratio with levels of H. pylori-CagA, caloric intake, obesity, and harmful habits, differs by sex, age and risk areas subgroups. The proposed SEMs exhibited a good fit in males (RMSEA = 0.039), females (RMSEA = 0.000), low-risk area (RMSEA = 0.038), middle-risk area (RMSEA = 0.042), individuals under 80 years (RMSEA = 0.038) and individuals aged 80 and over (RMSEA = 0.042), while an acceptable fit was observed for the high-risk area (RMSEA = 0.061). Fitted SEMs showed that CagA predicted PG-ratio as expected, with effects increasing with the risk area, but similar between sex and age groups. All indicators measuring obesity (BMI, arms, and waist) showed significant standardized coefficients, with similar effects between sex, age and risk area groups. No other significant effects or differences between groups were identified. We propose a good-fitted SEM model for the possible relationships between CagA and PG ratio and the geographical risk area level for elderly people. No differences were observed on measured parameters between male and female population, or between under 80 years and older individuals.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es describir y analizar la asociación entre PGI/PGII (indicador de atrofia gástrica con H. pylori-CagA y factores asociados a estilo de vida como ingesta calórica, obesidad y hábitos nocivos entre adultos mayores positivos por H. pylori en Costa Rica utilizando modelos de ecuaciones estructurales multigrupo (SEM). Con una muestra de 1748 adultos mayores del estudio CRELES, se utilizó un SEM para analizar las relaciones entre PGI/PGII, CagA, ingesta calórica, obesidad y hábitos nocivos difieren por sexo, edad y áreas de riesgo. Los SEMs propuestos exhibieron un buen ajuste en hombres (RMSEA = 0.039), mujeres (RMSEA = 0.000), área de bajo riesgo (RMSEA = 0.038), áreas de riesgo medio (RMSEA = 0.042), individuos menores de 80 años (RMSEA = 0.038) e individuos de 80 años o más (RMSEA = 0.042), mientras que hubo un ajuste aceptable en áreas de alto riesgo (RMSEA = 0.061). Los SEMs ajustados mostraron que CagA predice la relación PGI/II en la dirección esperada con efectos proporcionales al área de riesgo, pero no por sexo y edad. Todos los indicadores medibles de obesidad (IMC, brazos y cintura) mostraron coeficientes estandarizados significativos con efectos similares entre los grupos por sexo, edad y área de riesgo. No se encontraron otros efectos o diferencias significativas. Proponemos un modelo SEM bien ajustado para las posibles relaciones entre CagA y PGI/II y el nivel de riesgo del área geográfica en adultos mayores. No se encontraron diferencias en las variables analizadas entre hombres y mujeres ni entre los grupos de edad.

Self-esteem and Suicidal Ideation in Pakistani Undergraduates / Autoestima e ideación suicida en estudiantes universitarios paquistaníes

Abstract The main purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between self-esteem and suicidal ideation in Pakistani undergraduates (N = 600). Participants' ages ranged from 17 to 25 years (M =20.26, SD = 1.6) with 50% males and 50% females. A Structural Equation Modeling approach was used to analyse the data. All fit indices were examined on measurement level. Relationships between three latent variables: positive self-esteem, negative self-esteem, and suicidal ideation were assessed on structural level. Results revealed that students with negative self-esteem were more prone towards suicidal ideation (β = .15, p < .001). Moreover, those students who were having positive self-esteem were less likely indicating suicide ideation which suggested that positive self-esteem is a protective factor against suicidal ideation (β = -.10, p < .05) among undergraduates.

Resumen El objetivo principal del estudio fue evaluar la relación entre la autoestima y la ideación suicida en estudiantes universitarios paquistaníes (N = 600). Las edades de los participantes variaron de 17 a 25 años (M = 20.26, SD = 1.6) con un 50% de hombres y un 50% de mujeres. Se utilizó un enfoque de modelado de ecuaciones estructurales para analizar los datos. Todos los índices de ajuste se examinaron a nivel de medición. Se evaluaron a nivel estructural las relaciones entre tres variables latentes: autoestima positiva, autoestima negativa e ideación suicida. Los resultados revelaron que los estudiantes con autoestima negativa eran más propensos a la ideación suicida (β = .15, p < .001). Además, los estudiantes que tenían una autoestima positiva tenían menos probabilidades de indicar una ideación suicida, lo que sugirió que la autoestima positiva es un factor protector contra la ideación suicida (β = -.10, p < .05) entre los estudiantes de pregrado.

Psychometric properties of the Adolescents’Academic Motivation Scale (AAMS)in a representative sample of Dominican Republic high school students

Entre el creciente cuerpo de investigación que se ha centrado en el éxito académico, la motivación académica ha captado considerable atención. El objetivo de esta investigación es presentar la primera validación de la Escala de Motivación Académica de los Adolescentes (EMAA). La muestra total estuvo compuesta por 1712 estudiantes de secundaria de dos distritos de la República Dominicana. La medida principal fue la EMAA. Los resultados del AFC fueron satisfactorios: χ2(5) = 57.73, p < .001; CFI = .970; RMSEA = .079, 90% CI [.061, .097], y SRMR = .024. Los análisis de TRI favorecieron al modelo logístico de dos parámetros, indicando que los ítems no fueron igualmente discriminativos. El Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales en el que la motivación académica predecía de forma estadísticamente significativa las calificaciones obtuvo un ajuste excelente: χ2(53) = 182.76, p < .001; CFI = .980; RMSEA = .038 [.032, .044], and SRMR = .025. En resumen, este trabajo presenta un exhaustivo análisis psicométrico de la EMAA en una muestra representativa de estudiantes dominicanos de instituto.(AU)

Within the growing body of research that has focused on aca-demic success, academic motivation has gathered considerable attention. The aim of this this research is to present the first validation of the Ado-lescents’ Academic Motivation Scale (AAMS). Total sample was composed by 1712 students of secondary education from two districts in the Domini-can Republic. The main measurement outcome was the AAMS. Results from the CFA were satisfactory: χ2(5) = 57.73, p< .001; CFI = .970; RMSEA = .079 [.061, .097], and SRMR = .024. IRT analyses favored the two-parameter logistic model, indicating that items were not equallydis-criminant. Structural Equation Model with latent variables in which aca-demic motivation was a significant predictor of grades resulted in excellent fit: χ2(53) = 182.76, p< .001; CFI = .980; RMSEA = .038 90% CI [.032, .044], and SRMR = .025. In sum, this work presents an exhaustive psy-chometric analysis of the AAMS in a representative sample of high school Dominican students.(AU)

Factores psicosociales que influyen en el ausentismo: Evaluación de un modelo explicativo / Work psychosocial conditions influencing on absenteeism: Evaluation of an explicative model

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar un modelo explicativo del ausentismo laboral, con base en la relación entre los factores de riesgo psicosocial y la mediación de la percepción de relaciones sociales y del estrés laboral; este se conformó con base en las predicciones de modelos teóricos como Demandas-Control, Desbalance Esfuerzo-Recompensas y Apoyo Social, implícitos en el instrumento usado, así como en los antecedentes de investigación consultados. Para ello, se lleva a cabo un modelado con ecuaciones estructurales con los datos de medición de riesgo psicosocial y ausentismo hecha con 252 trabajadores de una compañía agroindustrial del departamento del Cesar en Colombia; fue aplicada la Batería de Riesgo Psicosocial de Villalobos, Vargas, Rondón y Felknor (2013a, 2013b). Con base en los indicadores de bondad de ajuste, se descartó el modelo teórico inicial, así como otros dos modelos planteados, por lo que se afirma que solo algunas formas específicas de ausentismo son determinadas por el estrés laboral producto de la conjunción de riesgo ante relaciones interpersonales y demandas laborales, combinado con riesgo proveniente de condiciones extralaborales. La inclusión de las relaciones interpersonales en el modelo es totalmente esperable con base en los hallazgos de diferentes investigaciones precedentes. Por otro lado, la exclusión del factor control sobre el trabajo fue inesperada, pues en estudios antecedentes esta guardó mayor relación con el ausentismo que las demandas del trabajo. Se discute sobre las limitaciones del estudio y sobre la necesidad de complejizar en Colombia la investigación sobre la relación del riesgo psicosocial con otros constructos psicológicos y con las consecuencias organizacionales.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate an explanatory model of work absenteeism, based on the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and the mediation of the perception of social relationships and work stress. This was based on the predictions of theoretical models such as Demands-Control, Unbalance Effort-Rewards and Social Support, implicit in the instrument used; as well as in the research background consulted. It is justified principally by the impact that absenteeism has on the stability of organizations and the relevance of its prediction for the Psychology of Work and Organizations. For the fulfillment of the objective, a modeling SEM is carried out with the psychosocial risk and absenteeism measurement data made with 252 workers of an agro-industrial company of the department of Cesar in Colombia; 96 % of participants were men, with an average age of 35 years, the majority did not complete secondary studies, 89 % were in operational positions, the majority in indefinite hiring; workers less than 6 months old had been excluded. The Psychosocial Risk Battery of Colombian researchers Villalobos, Vargas, Rondón, y Felknor (2013a, 2013b) was applied. This is one of the few validated and standardized instruments on Colombian population that measures psychosocial risk globally and conforms to the definitions legally accepted in the country regarding such occupational hazards. This battery measures workers' perception of intra-occupational risk factors, in particular, demands for work, control over work, social relations and leadership, as well as rewards and recognition for work; Likewise, it evaluates the extra-labor psychosocial risk associated with working conditions, as well as symptoms of work-related stress. The path analysis was executed using statistical software SPSS v25 and AMOS v24; the goodness-of-fit for the models was verified with indicators CMIN/DF, CFI, TLI y RMSEA; the correlations coefficients between variables and the function "modification Indices" of AMOS was operated to specify the appropriate model to the data. Based on goodness-of-fit measures, the initial theoretical model was discarded. In a second model, the mediating role of the social relations factor is ruled out and Unjustified Absenteeism, Non-Remunerated Absenteeism and Work Accident Absenteeism were excluded, but the adjustment of the model was not adequate either. In a third model, the factors Control on Work and Rewards were also excluded, although the fourth model, that inlayed correlations between de independent variables was the one who had the best goodness of fit; so, it is affirmed that only some specific forms of absenteeism are determined by work-related stress due to the arrangement of risk before interpersonal relationships and labor demands, combined with risk from extra-labor conditions. The inclusion of interpersonal relationships in the model is fully expected based on the findings of different previous investigations. On the other hand, the exclusion of the control factor over work was unexpected, since in previous studies it was more related to absenteeism than the demands of work. It is suggested that the findings should be taken with caution, given the limitations of the research, in particular, the homogeneity of the participants and the lack of comparability with other productive contexts; However, the relevance of the study is sustained in the fact that it is one of the first attempts in the country that uses explanatory models to establish the effects of psychosocial risk factors on organizational outcomes. Complementing the above, the possibility of using the Psychosocial Risk Battery together with the measurement of other important organizational outcomes such as presenteeism, motivation and job satisfaction, job performance and productivity, organizational commitment, accident rate in the workplace, among others, are also considered to empirically validate various models exposed in theory or corroborated in other countries and productive sectors.

Assessing the strength of climate and land-use influences on montane epiphyte communities.

Epiphytes, air plants that are structurally dependent on trees, are a keystone group in tropical forests; they support the food and habitat needs of animals and influence water and nutrient cycles. They reach peak diversity in humid montane forests. Climate predictions for Central American mountains include increased temperatures, altered precipitation seasonality, and increased cloud base heights, all of which may challenge epiphytes. Although remaining montane forests are highly fragmented, many tropical agricultural systems include trees that host epiphytes, allowing epiphyte communities to persist even in landscapes with lower forest connectivity. I used structural equations models to test the relative effects of climate, land use, tree characteristics, and biotic interactions on vascular epiphyte diversity with data from 31 shade coffee farms and 2 protected forests in northern Nicaragua. I also tested substrate preferences of common species with randomization tests. Tree size, tree diversity, and climate all affected epiphyte richness, but the effect of climate was almost entirely mediated by bryophyte cover. Bryophytes showed strong sensitivity to mean annual temperature and insolation. Many ferns and some orchids were positively associated with bryophyte mats, whereas bromeliads tended to establish among lichen or on bare bark. The tight relationships between bryophytes and climate and between bryophytes and vascular epiphytes indicated that relatively small climate changes could result in rapid, cascading losses of montane epiphyte communities. Currently, shade coffee farms can support high bryophyte cover and diverse vascular epiphyte assemblages when larger, older trees are present. Agroforests serve as valuable reservoirs for epiphyte biodiversity and may be important early-warning systems as the climate changes.

Evaluación de la Fuerza de las Influencias del Clima y el Uso de Suelo sobre las Comunidades Montanas de Epífitas Resumen Las epífitas, plantas aéreas que dependen estructuralmente de los árboles, son un grupo importante en los bosques tropicales ya que mantienen las necesidades de alimento y hábitat de animales e influyen sobre el ciclo del agua y de los nutrientes. Estas plantas alcanzan su pico de diversidad en los bosques tropicales de montaña. Las predicciones climáticas para las montañas de América Central incluyen incrementos en la temperatura, alteraciones en la estacionalidad de la precipitación y un incremento en la altura de la base nubosa. Todas estas predicciones representan una amenaza para las epífitas. Aunque los bosques tropicales de montaña que aún existen se encuentran altamente fragmentados, muchos sistemas agrícolas tropicales albergan árboles que fungen como anfitriones para las epífitas, lo que permite que las comunidades de epífitas persistan incluso en paisajes con una conectividad reducida entre bosques. Usé modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para analizar los efectos relativos del clima, uso de suelo, características de los árboles e interacciones bióticas sobre la diversidad de epífitas vasculares con datos de 31 fincas de café de sombra y dos bosques protegidos en el norte de Nicaragua. También analicé las preferencias por sustrato de las especies comunes mediante pruebas de asignación aleatoria. El tamaño del árbol, la diversidad de árboles y el clima fueron factores que afectaron a la riqueza de epífitas, aunque el efecto del clima estuvo mediado casi en su totalidad por la cobertura de briofitas. Las briofitas mostraron una fuerte sensibilidad a la temperatura media anual y a la insolación. Muchos helechos y algunas orquídeas estuvieron asociadas positivamente con los tapetes de briofitas, mientras que las bromelias tendieron a establecerse entre los líquenes o sobre la corteza desnuda del árbol. La fuerte asociación entre las briofitas y el clima y entre las briofitas y las epífitas vasculares indica que los cambios climáticos relativamente pequeños podrían derivar en una pérdida rápida y en cascada de las comunidades montanas de epífitas. Actualmente, las fincas de café de sombra pueden mantener una cobertura densa de briofitas y ensambles diversos de epífitas vasculares cuando los árboles más grandes y más viejos están presentes. Los bosques agrícolas funcionan como depósitos valiosos para la diversidad de epífitas y podrían ser sistemas de alerta temprana conforme cambia el clima.

Sentido do trabalho e cultura organizacional: análise com professores brasileiros e argentinos / Sense of work and organizational culture: analysis with Brazilian and Argentine professors / Sentido del trabajo y cultura organizacional: análisis con profesores brasileños y argentines

O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar diferenças e similaridades entre sentido do trabalho e cultura organizacional na percepção de docentes brasileiros e argentinos do ensino superior. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter exploratório e abordagem quantitativa. Participaram 354 docentes universitários de instituições públicas, sendo 154 do oeste da Argentina e 200 do sul do Brasil. Utilizou-se a Escala do Trabalho com Sentido e o Instrumento Brasileiro para Avaliação da Cultura Organizacional, na versão em português e adaptadas e/ou validadas para a língua espanhola. Para comparar e testar as hipóteses da pesquisa, propôs-se um modelo estrutural por meio de equações estruturais parciais baseado em análises multigrupo. Identificou-se que a percepção do sentido do trabalho relaciona-se com elementos culturais da organização e com as experiências dos sujeitos, configurando-se como uma construção social. Por meio da análise das hipóteses identificouse que há mais aproximações do que diferenças nas percepções desses profissionais, visto que das doze hipóteses testadas, os dados apontaram desacordo em apenas duas delas.

His paper aims to verify differences and similarities between the meaning of work and organisational culture in the perception of Brazilian and Argentinean higher education teachers. It is an exploratory study with a quantitative approach. The participants were 354 professors from public universities, 154 from western Argentina and 200 from southern Brazil. The Meaningful Work Scale and the Brazilian Instrument for the Evaluation of Organisational Culture were used (Portuguese version) adapted or validated for the Spanish. A structural model was proposed Using partial structural equations based on multigroup analysis to compare and test the hypotheses. The perception of the meaning of work is related to cultural elements of the organisation and the experiences of the subjects configured as a social construction. The analysis identified that there are more similarities than differences in the perceptions of these professionals since of the twelve hypotheses tested, the data showed disagreement in only two of them.

El objetivo de este trabajo es verificar diferencias y similitudes entre el significado del trabajo y la cultura organizacional en la percepción de los docentes de educación superior brasileños y argentinos. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio con enfoque cuantitativo. Participaron 354 profesores universitarios de instituciones públicas, 154 del occidente argentino y 200 del sur de Brasil. Se utilizaron la Escala de Trabajo Significativo y el Instrumento Brasileño de Evaluación de la Cultura Organizacional, en versión portuguesa y adaptados y/o validados para el idioma español. Para comparar y probar las hipótesis de la investigación, se propuso un modelo estructural utilizando ecuaciones estructurales parciales basadas en análisis multigrupo. Se identificó que la percepción del significado del trabajo se relaciona con elementos culturales de la organización y las vivencias de los sujetos, configurándose como una construcción social. A través del análisis de las hipótesis, se identificó que existen más aproximaciones que diferencias en las percepciones de estos profesionales ya que, de las doce hipótesis probadas, los datos mostraron desacuerdo en solo dos de ellas.

Adaptação e validação da escala de perfeccionismo Almost Perfect Scale-Revised para o português brasileiro / Adaptation and validation for Brazilian Portuguese of the Revised Almost Perfect Scale / Adaptación y validación de la escala de perfeccionismo Almost Perfect Scale-Revised para el portugués brasileño

O perfeccionismo é um construto multidimensional cujo estudo vem aumentando desde os anos de 1990. Uma das escalas mais utilizadas para sua mensuração é a Almost Perfect Scale - Revised (APS-R), composta por três dimensões: Padrões, Discrepância e Ordem. Devido à ausência de medidas como essa no Brasil, este estudo objetivou adaptar e analisar as propriedades psicométricas da APS-R em uma amostra brasileira, por meio da análise de sua estrutura interna e levantamento de sua confiabilidade. Participaram 787 universitários (79,3% do sexo feminino), idade média de 25,98 anos (DP = 7,29) que responderam à APS-R e a um questionário sociodemográfico. Os itens adaptados mostraram IVC adequados: equivalência semântica (0,99), cultural (0,94) e conceitual (0,94). Dentre os modelos estruturais testados, o bifatorial mostrou-se superior aos demais (χ2 = 452,371; TLI = 0,94; CFI = 0,96; RMSEA = 0,047). Assim, a escala apresentou propriedades psicométricas satisfatórias para uso no Brasil, tanto no que se refere à sua validade quanto confiabilidade. São discutidas limitações e implicações do estudo. (AU)

The study of perfectionism as a multidimensional construct has increased since the 1990's. The Almost Perfect Scale (APS-R) is widely used across studies to measure perfectionism; it is composed by three dimensions: High Standards, Discrepancy, and Order. However, despite increasing interest in the measurement of perfectionism, there were no scales available for Brazilian-Portuguese. Accordingly, we aimed to adapt the APS-R and to analyze the psychometric properties and test confirmatory models for the Brazilian version of the Almost Perfect Scale (APS-R Brasil). A sample of university students (n=787) with a mean age 25.98 years (SD=7.29), 79.3% women, completed the APS-RB. The adapted items demonstrated semantic, cultural and conceptual adequacy (all CVI <90). The ESEM two factor model, showed the better fit index (χ²= 452.371; TLI=0.94; CFI=0.96; RMSEA=0.047). The Brazilian version of APS-R was shown to be valid and reliable. Limitations and implications of the study are discussed. (AU)

El estudio del perfeccionismo como un constructo multidimensional ha aumentado desde los años 90. La escala Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R), que se usa ampliamente en los estudios del perfeccionismo, está compuesta por tres factores: altos estándares, la percepción de la discrepancia y el orden. Sin embargo, a pesar del creciente interés en la medición del perfeccionismo, todavía no hay escalas disponibles para el portugués brasileño. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue adaptar y analizar las propiedades psicométricas, y probar modelos confirmatorios para la APS-R en una muestra brasileña. Dicha muestra se compuso por estudiantes universitarios (n = 787) con una edad media de 25,98 años (DE = 7,29) y 79,3% mujeres. Los ítems adaptados demostraron adecuación semántica, cultural y conceptual (todos los IVC <90). El modelo ESEM Bifactor mostró el mejor índice de ajuste (χ2 = 452,371; TLI = 0,94; CFI = 0,96; RMSEA = 0,047). La versión brasileña de APS-R demostró ser válida y fiable. Aparte, se discute las limitaciones e implicaciones del estudio. (AU)

Lifetime overweight and adult asthma: 1978/1979 Ribeirão Preto Birth Cohort, São Paulo, Brazil / Sobrepeso ao longo da vida e asma na idade adulta: Coorte de Nascimento de 1978/1979, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil / Sobrepeso a lo largo de la vida y asma en adultos: Cohorte de Nacimientos de 1978/1979 en Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil

Studies focusing on obesity and asthma frequently consider the weight at a given time; thus, modeling pathways through lifetime overweight may contribute to elucidate temporal aspects in this relationship. This study modeled the pathways in the association of lifetime overweight with asthma in adult life, using data from the 1978/1979 Birth Cohort, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil (n = 2,063) at birth (baseline), school age (9/11 years) and adult age (23/25 years). A theoretical model was proposed to explore the effects of lifetime overweight on asthma in adult life analyzed by structural equation modeling. Parental obesity (SC - standardized coefficenttotal = 0.211, p < 0.001; SCdirect = 0.115, p = 0.007) and overweight at school age (SCtotal = 0.565, p < 0.0001; SCdirect = 0.565, p < 0.0001) were associated with overweight in adult life. Parental obesity (SCdirect = 0.105, p = 0.047) and nutritional status at birth (SCtotal = -0.124, p = 0.009; SCdirect = -0.131, p = 0.007) were associated with asthma in adult life. A higher "current adult socieconomic situation" was inversely associated to overweight (SCdirect = -0.171, p = 0.020) and to asthma in adult life (SCtotal = -0.179, p = 0.041; SCdirect = -0.182, p = 0.039). Parental obesity showed a transgenerational effect in weight, triggering to childhood and adulthood overweight. Parallel to underweight at birth, parental obesity was also a risk to asthma in adult life. While, the socioeconomic status in adult life protected from both, overweight and asthma.

Os estudos sobre obesidade e asma frequentemente analisam o peso em um determinado momento; portanto, a modelagem de trajetórias de sobrepeso ao longo da vida pode ajudar a explicar os aspectos temporais dessa relação. O estudo atual modelou as trajetórias na associação entre história de sobrepeso e asma na vida adulta, utilizando dados da Coorte de Nascimento de 1978/1979, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil (n = 2.063), coletados ao nascer (linha de base), na idade escolar (9-11 anos) e na idade adulta (23-25 anos). Foi proposto um modelo teórico para explorar a associação entre o sobrepeso ao longo da vida e asma na vida adulta, analisada pela modelagem de equações estruturais. Obesidade dos pais (CP - coeficiente padronizadoglobal = 0,211, p < 0,001; CPdireto = 0,115; p = 0,007) e sobrepeso na idade escolar (CPglobal = 0,565; p < 0,0001; CPdireto = 0,565; p < 0,0001) mostraram associação com sobrepeso na idade adulta. Obesidade dos pais (CPdireto = 0,105; p = 0,047) e estado nutricional ao nascer (CPglobal = - 0,124; p = 0,009; CPdireto = -0,131; p = 0,007) mostraram associação com asma na idade adulta. "Condição socioeconômica" mais alta na vida adulta mostrou associação inversa com sobrepeso (CPdireto = -0,171, p = 0,020) e com asma na vida adulta (CPglobal = -0,179; p = 0,041; CPdireto = -0,182; p = 0,039). Obesidade dos pais mostrou um efeito transgeracional sobre o peso, como gatilho na infância e no sobrepeso na vida adulta. Em paralelo ao baixo peso ao nascer, a obesidade dos pais também esteve associada com asma na vida adulta. A condição socioeconômica na vida adulta mostrou efeito protetor contra sobrepeso e asma.

Los estudios que se centran en la obesidad y asma frecuentemente consideran el peso en un determinado momento; por este motivo, la creación de modelos de patrones de sobrepeso a lo largo de la vida quizás puede contribuir a elucidar aspectos temporales en esta relación. Este estudio modeló los patrones en la asociación de sobrepeso a lo largo de la vida con el asma en etapa adulta, usando datos de una cohorte nacimientos de 1978/1979, en Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil (n = 2.063), considerando: nacimiento (base de referencia), edad escolar (9-11 años) y edad adulta (23-25 años). Se propuso un modelo teórico para analizar los efectos del sobrepeso a lo largo de la vida en el asma, durante la etapa adulta, analizado mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. La obesidad de los padres (CE - coeficiente estandarizadototal = 0,211, p < 0,001; CEdirecto = 0,115; p = 0,007) y sobrepeso en edad escolar (CEtotal = 0,565; p < 0,0001; CEdirecto = 0,565; p < 0,0001) estuvieron asociados con sobrepeso en la vida adulta. La obesidad de los padres (CEdirecto = 0,105; p = 0,047) y el estatus nutricional al nacer (CEtotal = - 0,124; p = 0,009; CEdirecto = -0,131; p = 0,007) estuvieron asociados con el asma en la vida adulta. Un "condición socioeconómica actual en la etapa adulta" más alto estuvo inversamente asociado con el sobrepeso (CEdirecto = -0,171; p = 0,020) y al asma en la vida adulta (CEtotal = -0,179; p = 0,041; CEdirect = -0,182; p = 0,039). La obesidad de los padres mostró un efecto transgeneracional en el peso, desencadenando sobrepeso en la infancia y etapa adulta. Junto al bajo peso al nacer, la obesidad de los padres fue también un riesgo para el asma en la etapa adulta. Mientras que el estatus socioeconómico en la etapa adulta protegía tanto ante el sobrepeso como el asma.

Linkages between measures of biodiversity and community resilience in Pacific Island agroforests.

Designing agroecosystems that are compatible with the conservation of biodiversity is a top conservation priority. However, the social variables that drive native biodiversity conservation in these systems are poorly understood. We devised a new approach to identify social-ecological linkages that affect conservation outcomes in agroecosystems and in social-ecological systems more broadly. We focused on coastal agroforests in Fiji, which, like agroforests across other small Pacific Islands, are critical to food security, contain much of the country's remaining lowland forests, and have rapidly declining levels of native biodiversity. We tested the relationships among social variables and native tree species richness in agroforests with structural equation models. The models were built with data from ecological and social surveys in 100 agroforests and associated households. The agroforests hosted 95 native tree species of which almost one-third were endemic. Fifty-eight percent of farms had at least one species considered threatened at the national or international level. The best-fit structural equation model (R2 = 47.8%) showed that social variables important for community resilience-local ecological knowledge, social network connectivity, and livelihood diversity-had direct and indirect positive effects on native tree species richness. Cash-crop intensification, a driver of biodiversity loss elsewhere, did not negatively affect native tree richness within parcels. Joining efforts to build community resilience, specifically by increasing livelihood diversity, local ecological knowledge, and social network connectivity, may help conservation agencies conserve the rapidly declining biodiversity in the region.

Psychometric analysis of a scale to measure fear of crime in Ecuadorian youths / Análise psicométrica de uma escala para medir o medo do delito em jovens equatorianos / Análisis psicométrico de una escala para medir el miedo al delito en jóvenes ecuatorianos

Abstract In Ecuador, as in the rest of Latin America, the problem of insecurity is undeniable. Although there are surveys in the country that measure the perception of insecurity or victimization, there is no instrument that measures fear of crime. This research was aimed at the structural validation of a scale to measure the fear of crime from the psychosocial perspective. To validate this theoretical model, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted. A total of 298 students from the city of Ambato, Ecuador, participated in the study. The average age was 21.28 years (SD = 1.62). Results showed satisfactory psychometric and structural properties of the scale. Furthermore, two theoretical models of fear of crime were developed: a first order factor and a second order factor. Results confirm the relevance of the second order model for explaining the psychosocial construction of the fear of crime.

Resumo No Equador, assim como em toda a América Latina, a problemática da insegurança é inegável e, apesar de existirem, no país, pesquisas que meçam a percepção de insegurança ou vitimização, não há nenhum instrumento que meça o medo do delito. A presente pesquisa tem como propósito realizar um estudo psicométrico de uma escala do medo do delito que parte de uma perspectiva psicossocial. Para validar esse modelo teórico, realizou-se uma análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) e uma análise fatorial confirmatoria (AFC) com uma amostra conformada por 298 estudantes universitários da cidade de Ambato, Equador, com uma média de idade de 21.28 anos (DT=1.62); os resultados mostraram que a escala apresenta índices de bondade de ajuste satisfatórios. Especificamente, utilizaram-se dois modelos explicativos do medo do delito, um de primeira ordem e outro de segunda ordem; este último explicou melhor a estrutura psicossocial do medo do delito.

Resumen En Ecuador, al igual que en el resto de Latinoamérica, la problemática de la inseguridad es innegable, y a pesar de que en el país existen encuestas que miden la percepción de inseguridad o la victimización, no existe ningún instrumento que mida el miedo al delito. La presente investigación tiene como propósito realizar un estudio psicométrico de una escala del miedo al delito que parte de una perspectiva psicosocial. Para validar este modelo teórico se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) con una muestra conformada por 298 estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Ambato, Ecuador, con un promedio de edad de 21.28 años (DT = 1.62). Los resultados muestran que la escala presenta índices de bondad de ajuste satisfactorios. Específicamente, se utilizaron dos modelos explicativos del miedo al delito, uno de primer orden y otro de segundo orden, siendo este último el que explicó mejor la estructura psicosocial del miedo al delito.

Equivalencia factorial de las versiones en español y portugués de un cuestionario de expectativas académicas / Factorial equivalence of the Spanish and Portuguese versions of a questionnaire of academic expectations

Resumen Este estudio presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre expectativas académicas de estudiantes universitarios de primer año de Enseñanza Superior (ES) pertenecientes al norte de Portugal y noroeste de España. Su objetivo es replicar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento utilizado obtenidas con una versión anterior del mismo. La muestra está integrada por 1.268 estudiantes de primer año de ES con edades comprendidas entre los 17 y 52 años (Mdn = 18, siendo de más de 23 años el 7.4%). Proceden de la región noroeste de España 413 estudiantes (Galicia, Universidad de Vigo) y 855 de la región norte de Portugal (Minho, Universidade do Minho). El 58.1% del total de la muestra son mujeres. Por ámbito de estudio, el 58.4% cursa titulaciones del ámbito científico-tecnológico y los demás del ámbito jurídico-social. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Percepciones Académicas-Expectativas (CPA-E), estructurado en siete dimensiones: Formación para el empleo/carrera, Desarrollo personal y social, Movilidad estudiantil, Implicación político/ciudadana, Presión social, Calidad de formación e Interacción social. La invarianza del modelo factorial oblicuo del CPA-E fue testada con el LISREL 8.80 mediante el método bivariado latente normal y la estimación de máxima verosimilitud, con la corrección de Satorra y Bentler (1994). Todos los ítems representaron bien a sus respectivos factores y los factores mostraron una buena validez y fiabilidad para los países y el género. Se obtuvo, por tanto, invarianza factorial del modelo para los países y el género. Se asume una versión final del cuestionario común para España y Portugal, así como para mujeres y hombres.

Abstract We present the results of a study conducted with first-year students from the Euro-region of Galicia-North Portugal, with the aim of replicating the psychometric properties of the instrument as obtained from a prior version. Participants included 1268 first-year students with ages ranging from 17 to 52 years (Mdn = 18; 7.4% with ages above 23 years). Four-hundred and thirteen students are from the North Spanish region (Galicia, University of Minho) and 855 are from the North Portuguese region (Minho, University of Minho), and 58.1% of the students are women. Students are enrolled in scientific-technological courses (58.4%) and juridical-social studies. We administered the Academic Perceptions Questionnaire- Expectations (APQ-E), which is structured in seven dimensions: Training for career development, Personal and social development, Student mobility, Political engagement and citizenship, Social pressure, Training quality, and Social interaction. The invariance of the factorial model of the APQ-E was tested with LISREL 8.80, based on a bivariate latent model and maximum likelihood estimation, with Satorra and Bentler correction (1994). All items contributed to the representation of the factors, and the factors showed good validity and reliability for country and gender. Therefore, we obtained factorial invariance of the measurement model for country and gender. We present the final version of the common questionnaire for Portugal and Spain, and for women and men.

Relaciones funcionales entre salud mental y capital social en víctimas del conflicto armado y personas en situación de pobreza / Functional relationships between mental health and social capital in victims of armed conflict and people in poverty

Se realizó una investigación que tuvo como objetivo establecer las relaciones funcionales entre salud mental y capital social personas que han sido víctimas del desplazamiento forzado en el marco del conflicto armado y personas en condición de pobreza. El estudio fue de tipo ex pos facto retrospectivo y participaron 380 adultos, clasificados en dos grupos: 190 en situación de desplazamiento y 190 en situación de pobreza. Se administraron los siguientes instrumentos: la Adaptación Española de las Escalas de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff (Díaz, Rodríguez-Carvajal, Blanco, Moreno-Jiménez, Gallardo, Valle & Van Dierendonk, 2006), la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (Diener, 1994), la Escala de Bienestar Social (Keyes, 1998) y el Barómetro del Capital Social (Sudarsky, 1999). Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis con el software SPSS 18 para establecer las correlaciones y relaciones funcionales de las variables en los grupos de estudio. Los hallazgos dan cuenta de las correlaciones significativas entre las dimensiones constitutivas del capital social y la salud mental. En segunda instancia se presentan las relaciones funcionales, implementando los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales en cada grupo, asumiendo una relación funcional positiva entre el capital social y la salud mental, que se mantiene en cada grupo estudiado, siendo superior en el grupo de desplaza-os (β = .56) en comparación con el grupo de pobreza (β = .41). Estos hallazgos permiten evidenciar que las relaciones funcionales analizadas estructuralmente entre capital social y salud mental son directamente proporcionales y constituyen un insumo para el desarrollo de programas de intervención psicosocial orientados a la mejoría de la calidad de vida y el empoderamiento social comunitario.

This paper informs an investigation which had as objective to establish the functional relationships between mental health and social capital in people who have been victims of forced displacement in the context of the armed conflict, and people in poverty conditions. The social capital is understood from the proposal of Putnam (1993), such as the commitment that occurs between actors and social groups where there are networks and standards that facilitate collaboration, the commitment and confidence; through which you can set changes. For the present study, account is taken of the observable variables, measures through the Barometer of Social Capital developed by Sudarsky (2007) and worked in the third measurement of social capital in 2011, in the report presented by Hurtado, García, and Copete (2013), which gives an account of three factors: Solidarity, consolidation of groups and the construction of social fabric (Ksocial), institutional trust and social control (Confie) and credibility in sources of non-validated information (Fenoval). Mental health in research responds to the model of the entire state of health proposed by Keyes (2005b), which assumes the understanding of mental health as a state of well-being, more than the absence of disease, composed of three factors that for terms of the study are the observable variables that make part of the latent variable of mental health, these are: Spanish Adaptation of the Scales of Psychological Well-being of Ryff (Díaz, Rodríguez-Carvajal, Blanco, Moreno-Jiménez, Gallardo,Valle & Van Dierendonk, 2006) which focuses on the personal development, by which envisaged dimensions like the autoaceptación, positive relationships, autonomy, the domain of the environment, the personal growth and the project of life (Blanco & Valera, 2007); the Subjective Well-being (Diener, 1984), constitutes the cognitive and affective evaluations that a person generates around to his life and converges the aspects of the satisfaction and the positive emotions-negative (Blanco & Valera, 2007) and Social Welfare (Keyes, 1998), understood as the value that we of the circumstances and the operation that we have within the society. Includes items such as integration, acceptance, the contribution, the update and the social coherence. The study was retrospective exposfact type and counted 380 adults, classified in two groups: 190 in situation of displacement and 190 in situation of poverty. The instruments were the Scales Psychological Well-being (Ryff, 1989); Satisfaction with Life (Diener,1994); Social Welfare (Keyes, 1998), and the Barometer of Social Capital (Sudarsky, 1999). Subsequently, an analysis was carried out with the SPSS software 18 to establish correlations and functional relationships of the variables in the study groups. The findings give account of the significant correlations between the constituent dimensions of social capital and mental health. In second instance presents the functional relationships implementing structural equation models in each group, assuming a positive functional relationship between social capital and mental health, which is maintained in each of the groups of study, being higher in the group of displaced persons (β = .56) in comparison with the group of poverty (β = .41). These findings allowed to demonstrate that the functional relationships analyzed structurally between social capital and mental health are directly proportional and constitute an input to the development of psychosocial intervention programs aimed at the improvement of the quality of life and social empowerment community. This research is a systematic input of structural analysis of the functional relationships between Social Capital and Mental Health, to strengthen the horizon of future studies that should be directed to deepen the analysis of the complex reality that people live in a situation of vulnerability, such as is the case of those who have experienced the forced displacement by effect of the armed conflict and those who have lived in poverty.

Funcionalidad familiar, número de relaciones y maltrato en el noviazgo en estudiantes de secundaria / Family functionality, number of relationships and dating violence in high school students

Resumen Se sometieron a prueba dos modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para determinar si la funcionalidad familiar y el número de experiencias de noviazgo podrían predecir las conductas de maltrato ejercidas y sufridas por un grupo de 548 estudiantes de secundaria (294 mujeres y 295 hombres), entre 12 y 22 años de edad. Para ello se utilizaron sendas listas de chequeo de experiencias de maltrato en la pareja, con el fin de informar las conductas de maltrato ejercidas y recibidas, y la Escala de Efectividad en el Funcionamiento Familiar. Se encontraron dos modelos con indicadores de bondad de ajuste (NFI, RFI, IFI, TLI, CFI) por encima de .90 y RMSA por debajo de .05. Los resultados indican que los problemas en la funcionalidad familiar podrían favorecer un mayor número de parejas y que estos dos aspectos podrían predecir los malos tratos psicológicos, emocionales y físicos, ejercidos y sufridos en el noviazgo.

Abstract Two models of structural equations were tested to determine if the family functionality and the number of dating partners could predict abusive behavior exercised and suffered by a group of 548 high school students (294 women and 295 men), aged 12 and 22 years old. Two checklists of experiences of partner abuse were used to inform behaviors exercised and received, and the Effectiveness in Family Functioning Scale. Two models with indicators of goodness of fit (NFI, RFI, IFI, TLI, CFI) above .90 were found, and MSYR below .05. The results indicate that problems in family functioning could promote a major number of dating partners and that these two aspects could predict psychological, emotional and physical abuse, exercised and suffered in dating.

Predictores de la satisfacción laboral en la industria automotriz de Ciudad Juárez, México

Introducción. En la literatura el estudio de la satisfacción laboral (SL) ha sido abordado desde múltiples enfoques por lo que se le vincula con variables psicológicas, organizacionales y económicas, entre otras, pero su relación con aspectos ergonómicos no ha sido suficientemente probada, principalmente en el contexto de la industria manufacturera. Objetivo. En este estudio se presenta un modelo predictor de la SL teniendo como variable independiente los factores ergoambientales (FEA), y como variable mediadora, los factores socioculturales (FSC), puesto que estos últimos han estado vinculados a la SL, aunque con distintos grados de intensidad. Materiales y métodos. Un instrumento de medición basado en la teoría es aplicado al personal operativo de ocho empresas maquiladoras del sector automotriz en Ciudad Juárez, México. Se obtiene una muestra de 301 casos y los datos se modelan con ecuaciones estructurales para probar las hipótesis de investigación. Resultados. Los resultados sugieren que los FEA se relacionan de manera positiva y significativa en la SL de los sujetos investigados (coeficiente estandarizado= 0.349, p<.01) y con una mediación parcial de los factores socioculturales (VAF=35.7 %). Conclusiones. El modelo predice razonablemente la SL con un efecto directo de los FEA, e indirecto a través de los FSC (R² = 40 %).

Introduction. In the literature, the study about labor satisfaction (LS) has been approached from several focuses and it has been related to psychological, organizational and economic variables, among others, but its relation to ergonomical aspects has not yet been proved enough, especially in the manufacturing industries. Objective. This paper introduces a predictive LS model having as independent variable the ergo environmental factors (EEF) and, as mediating variable, the socio cultural factors (SCF), as the latter have been related to the LS in different intensity degrees. Materials and methods. A measuring instrument based on the theory is applied to the operational staff in eight maquiladora companies in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. A sample of 301 cases is obtained and the data are modeled with structural equations in order to demonstrate the research hypotheses. Results. The results obtained suggest that the EEF are positively and significantly related in the LS of the subjects studied (standardized coefficient = 0.349, p<.01) and with a partial mediation of the socio cultural factors (VAF=35.7 %). Conclusions. The model reasonably predicts the LS with a direct effect of the EEG, and with an indirect one of the SCF (R² = 40 %).

Introdução. Na literatura o estudo da satisfação laboral (SL) há sido abordado desde múltiplos enfoques pelo que se lhe vincula com variáveis psicológicas, organizacionais e econômicas, entre outras, mas sua relação com aspectos ergonômicos não há sido suficientemente provada, principalmente no contexto da indústria manufatureira. Objetivo. Neste estudo se apresenta um modelo preditor da SL tendo como variável independente os fatores ergoambientais (FEA), e como variável mediadora, os fatores socioculturais (FSC), posto que estes últimos há estado vinculados à SL, embora com diferentes graus de intensidade. Materiais e métodos. Um instrumento de medição baseado na teoria é aplicado ao pessoal operativo de oito empresas maquiladoras do setor automotriz na Ciudad Juárez, México. Se obtém uma amostra de 301 casos e os dados se modelam com equações estruturais para provar as hipóteses de investigação. Resultados. Os resultados sugerem que os FEA se relacionam de maneira positiva e significativa na SL dos sujeitos investigados (coeficiente padronizado= 0.349, p<.01) e com uma mediação parcial dos fatores socioculturais (VAF=35.7 %). Conclusões. O modelo prediz razoavelmente a SL com um efeito direto dos FEA, e indireto através dos FSC (R² = 40 %).

Modelos de ecuaciones estructurales aplicados al análisis de fatiga / Structural Equation Models Applied to Human Fatigue Analysis / Modelos de equações estruturais aplicados à análise de fadiga

Objetivos: este artículo presenta una descripción de los principales elementos y componentes de los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, así como de los valores estadísticos de referencia para evaluar estos modelos. Además, se muestran los principales modelos desarrollados para el análisis de fatiga humana. Materiales y métodos: tras una revisión de literatura, se identificaron siete esquemas que examinan causas, efectos y relaciones entre variables, dimensiones y constructos relacionados con la fatiga en diferentes ambientes y situaciones laborales o de laboratorio. Conclusiones: los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales son una herramienta útil que contribuye a la generación de conocimiento en temas relacionados con la fatiga humana.

Objectives: this article provides a brief description of the main elements and components of Structural Equation Models (SEM) and statistical reference values to evaluate those models. Additionally, main models developed for human fatigue analysis are presented. Materials and methods: through a literature review, 7 models that analyze causes, effects, and relationships between variables, dimensions, and constructs related to fatigue in different work environments were identified. Conclusion: structural equation modeling is a useful tool that contributes to the generation of knowledge on topics related to human fatigue.

Este artigo apresenta uma descrição dos principais elementos e componentes dos modelos de equações estruturais, assim como dos valores estatísticos de referência para avaliar estes modelos. Adicionalmente, se apresentam os principais modelos desenvolvidos para a análise de fadiga humana. Através de uma revisão de literatura, foram identificados 7 modelos que analisam causas, efeitos e relações entre variáveis, dimensões e construtos relacionados com a fadiga em diferentes ambientes e situações laborais ou de laboratório. Através dos modelos identificados, conclui-se que os modelos de equações estruturais são uma ferramenta útil que contribui à geração de conhecimento em temas relacionados com a fadiga humana.

Factores que determinan el rendimiento académico en Matemáticas en el contexto de una universidad tecnológica: aplicación de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales / Determinants of academic performance in Mathematics in the context of a technological university: application of Structural Equations Model

El estudio examinó, por medio de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, posibles factores causales del rendimiento académico en cursos de Matemáticas de la Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería de Nicaragua, en una muestra estratificada por conglomerados de 713 estudiantes de segundo año distribuidos en 33 grupos de clases, con sus respectivos profesores. Además de la nota final en el curso, se incluyeron en el modelo causal, y de acuerdo con la literatura, variables de dimensiones sociodemográficas, psicosociales, institucionales y pedagógicas. Los resultados destacan tres variables del estudiante como determinantes del desempeño en el curso de Matemática: la inteligencia fluida, los hábitos de estudio y las actitudes negativas hacia las Matemáticas, resultando relevantes también los efectos indirectos en las dos primeras, y en las direcciones esperadas. Las variables del docente que mostraron efectos directos de importancia fueron edad, nivel académico y la asistencia a cursos pedagógicos promovidos por la institución.

The study examined, using structural equations model (SEM) possible causal factors for Math achievement in students from the National University of Engineering in Nicaragua, using a stratified sample of complete conglomerates of 713 students in second year, spread over 33 groups and their respective teachers. Besides the final grade in the course, and according to the literature review, variables of the socio-demographic, psychosocial, institutional and pedagogical dimensions were included in the model. The results emphasized three student variables as determinants of the achievement in Math: fluid intelligence, study habits and negative attitudes towards Mathematics, with the indirect effects of the last two also relevant, and in the expected direction. Teacher variables that showed relevant direct effects were age, academic level and attendance to pedagogical courses promoted by the institution.

Relação entre condições para criatividade e satisfação no trabalho de pesquisadores / The relation between conditions for creativity and job satisfaction of researchers / Relación entre condiciones para la creatividad y satisfacción laboral de investigadores

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo que relacione as condições para a criatividade no trabalho e a satisfação com o trabalho utilizando a técnica de Modelagem por Equações Estruturais. Participaram 367 pesquisadores de uma empresa pública com idade média de 45,8 anos (DP=9,8), sendo 62,1% homens. Foram aplicados dois instrumentos: Indicadores de Condições para Criar no Trabalho (ICCAT) e a versão reduzida da Escala de Satisfação no Trabalho (EST). Incialmente, os modelos de mensuração das escalas foram verificados. Depois de algumas modificações, os modelos demonstraram bons ajustes aos dados observados. Em seguida, foi avaliado o modelo estrutural integral da relação entre condições para a criatividade e satisfação no trabalho. Os índices de ajuste mostraram que o modelo se ajusta bem aos dados. Os resultados indicaram uma forte relação entre condições favoráveis à criatividade e satisfação no trabalho.(AU)

The purpose of this study was to develop a model relating conditions for creativity at work and job satisfaction using Structural Equation Modeling. The sample data analyzed comprised of 367 researchers with a mean age of 45.8 years (SD=9.8), 62.1% being male, from a public company in Brazil. Two instruments were applied: Indicators of Conditions to Create at Work and the reduced version of the Scale of Job Satisfaction. Initially, the measurement models of the scales were analyzed. After modifications these models showed a good fit to the observed data. Subsequently, the full structural model of the relationship between conditions for creativity at work and job satisfaction was assessed. The fit indexes showed that the full model fits the observed data well. The results indicated a strong relationship between favorable conditions for creativity and job satisfaction. Keywords: creativity; job satisfaction; structural equation modeling.(AU)

El propósito del estudio fue desarrollar un modelo que relacione condiciones para la creatividad en el trabajo con satisfacción laboral usando la técnica de Modelos de Ecuaciones Estructurales. Participaron 367 investigadores de una organización pública de Brasil, con una promedio de edad de 45,8 años (DP=9,8), de los cuales 61% fueron hombres. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos: Indicadores de Condiciones de Creatividad en el Trabajo y la versión reducida de la Escala de Satisfacción Laboral. Primero, fueron verificados los modelos de medida de las escalas, los cuales mostraron un buen ajuste a los datos observados después de algunas modificaciones. Posteriormente, fue verificado el modelo estructural integral de la relación entre condiciones para la creatividad en el trabajo y satisfacción laboral. Los índices de ajuste mostraron que el modelo integral se ajusta bien a los datos observados. Los resultados indican una relación fuerte entre condiciones favorables para la creatividad y satisfacción laboral.(AU)

Relação entre condições para criatividade e satisfação no trabalho de pesquisadores / The relation between conditions for creativity and job satisfaction of researchers / Relación entre condiciones para la creatividad y satisfacción laboral de investigadores

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo que relacione as condições para a criatividade no trabalho e a satisfação com o trabalho utilizando a técnica de Modelagem por Equações Estruturais. Participaram 367 pesquisadores de uma empresa pública com idade média de 45,8 anos (DP=9,8), sendo 62,1% homens. Foram aplicados dois instrumentos: Indicadores de Condições para Criar no Trabalho (ICCAT) e a versão reduzida da Escala de Satisfação no Trabalho (EST). Incialmente, os modelos de mensuração das escalas foram verificados. Depois de algumas modificações, os modelos demonstraram bons ajustes aos dados observados. Em seguida, foi avaliado o modelo estrutural integral da relação entre condições para a criatividade e satisfação no trabalho. Os índices de ajuste mostraram que o modelo se ajusta bem aos dados. Os resultados indicaram uma forte relação entre condições favoráveis à criatividade e satisfação no trabalho...

The purpose of this study was to develop a model relating conditions for creativity at work and job satisfaction using Structural Equation Modeling. The sample data analyzed comprised of 367 researchers with a mean age of 45.8 years (SD=9.8), 62.1% being male, from a public company in Brazil. Two instruments were applied: Indicators of Conditions to Create at Work and the reduced version of the Scale of Job Satisfaction. Initially, the measurement models of the scales were analyzed. After modifications these models showed a good fit to the observed data. Subsequently, the full structural model of the relationship between conditions for creativity at work and job satisfaction was assessed. The fit indexes showed that the full model fits the observed data well. The results indicated a strong relationship between favorable conditions for creativity and job satisfaction. Keywords: creativity; job satisfaction; structural equation modeling...

El propósito del estudio fue desarrollar un modelo que relacione condiciones para la creatividad en el trabajo con satisfacción laboral usando la técnica de Modelos de Ecuaciones Estructurales. Participaron 367 investigadores de una organización pública de Brasil, con una promedio de edad de 45,8 años (DP=9,8), de los cuales 61% fueron hombres. Se aplicaron dos instrumentos: Indicadores de Condiciones de Creatividad en el Trabajo y la versión reducida de la Escala de Satisfacción Laboral. Primero, fueron verificados los modelos de medida de las escalas, los cuales mostraron un buen ajuste a los datos observados después de algunas modificaciones. Posteriormente, fue verificado el modelo estructural integral de la relación entre condiciones para la creatividad en el trabajo y satisfacción laboral. Los índices de ajuste mostraron que el modelo integral se ajusta bien a los datos observados. Los resultados indican una relación fuerte entre condiciones favorables para la creatividad y satisfacción laboral...

Bienestar subjetivo y trabajo en jóvenes universitarios: estudio comparativo entre Chile y España / Subjective well-being and working in college students: a comparative study between Chile and Spain

Los estudiantes universitarios componen un grupo expuesto a diversas tensiones psicosociales en virtud de su adaptación a los nuevos entornos físicos y sociales a los que se enfrentan, situación que se complejiza más para aquellos que se insertan al mundo laboral. Esta investigación explora el estado y características del bienestar subjetivo de 1.456 jóvenes universitarios de Chile y España (Cataluña), utilizando la Escala de Satisfacción Global con la Vida (OLS) y el Índice de Bienestar Personal (PWI). Asimismo, se estudia la relación entre los niveles de satisfacción vital y el hecho de trabajar o no. Para ello, se determinaron coeficientes de fiabilidad del PWI, se comprobó su ajuste estadístico mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio y se construyeron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados indican que no existen diferencias significativas en el bienestar subjetivo entre los estudiantes universitarios que trabajan y los que no, en ninguno de los dos países.(AU)

College students compose a group exposed to diverse psychosocial stress factors in their adaptation to the new physical and social environments they confront. This situation is more complex for those that are working and studying. This research explores the status and characteristics of the subjective well-being of 1,456 university students in Chile and Spain, as measured by the scale of Overall Life Satisfaction (OLS) and the Personal Well-being Index (PWI). It also explores the relationship between levels of overall life satisfaction and the fact of working, or not. For this purpose, PWI reliability coefficients were determined, checked for statistical adjustment using confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation models were built. The results indicate no significant differences in subjective well-being among college students who work and those who do not, in either of the two countries.(AU)

Bienestar subjetivo y trabajo en jóvenes universitarios: estudio comparativo entre Chile y España / Subjective well-being and working in college students: a comparative study between Chile and Spain

Los estudiantes universitarios componen un grupo expuesto a diversas tensiones psicosociales en virtud de su adaptación a los nuevos entornos físicos y sociales a los que se enfrentan, situación que se complejiza más para aquellos que se insertan al mundo laboral. Esta investigación explora el estado y características del bienestar subjetivo de 1.456 jóvenes universitarios de Chile y España (Cataluña), utilizando la Escala de Satisfacción Global con la Vida (OLS) y el Índice de Bienestar Personal (PWI). Asimismo, se estudia la relación entre los niveles de satisfacción vital y el hecho de trabajar o no. Para ello, se determinaron coeficientes de fiabilidad del PWI, se comprobó su ajuste estadístico mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio y se construyeron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados indican que no existen diferencias significativas en el bienestar subjetivo entre los estudiantes universitarios que trabajan y los que no, en ninguno de los dos países...

College students compose a group exposed to diverse psychosocial stress factors in their adaptation to the new physical and social environments they confront. This situation is more complex for those that are working and studying. This research explores the status and characteristics of the subjective well-being of 1,456 university students in Chile and Spain, as measured by the scale of Overall Life Satisfaction (OLS) and the Personal Well-being Index (PWI). It also explores the relationship between levels of overall life satisfaction and the fact of working, or not. For this purpose, PWI reliability coefficients were determined, checked for statistical adjustment using confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation models were built. The results indicate no significant differences in subjective well-being among college students who work and those who do not, in either of the two countries...